Compensating electric meter



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GOMPENSATING ELECTRIC METER. No. 416,339. Patented Dec. 3, 1889.

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v OOMPENSATING ELEGTRIG METER. No. 416,339. Patented Dec. 3, 1889.

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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4. H. LEMP.

GOMPENSA'IING ELECTRIC METER. 7 No. 416,339. Patented Dec. 3, 1889.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

I-IERMANN LEMP, OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO THE THOMSON- HOUSTON ELECTRIC COMPANY, OF CONNECTICUT.

COMPE NSATlNG ELECTRIC METER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 416,339, dated December 3, 1889.

Application filed September 24, 1889. Serial No. 324,970- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern; sultant magnetic effect may be that of two .Be it known that I, HERMANN LEMP, a citiprimary coils or a converter, the secondary of zen of the United States, and a resident of which supplies the current that operates the Lynn, in the county of Essex and State of meter directly, or the resultant magnetic ef- Massachusetts, have invented a certain new fect of the two coils may be used for operatand useful Gompensating Meter, of which the ing the armature of a magnet, which shall following is a specification. determine or control the rate of operation of My invention relates to means for measurthe meter actuated by some external maging electricity in those cases where two or more netic power.

I0 groups of translating devices, each group hav- By my invention an indefinite number of ing translating devices connectedin multiple, groups of translating devices in multiple seare themselves connected in series with one ries may have their total current measured another, so as to form what 'is sometimes by the use of a single instrument, and withtermed aseries-multiple circuit. v out the use of a single instrument for each 5 The object of my invention is to provide group, as would ordinarilybe required where for the correct registration of the electric enintermediate conductors lead from points ergy consumed without employinga separate between the groups and at some times form measuring-instrument for each group. the path of current passing to or from the My invention applies more particularly to groups. 20 those circuits or systems in which an inter- As will hereinafter more clearly appear, the

mediate wire or conductor connected between compounding of the two currents, or of the the groups of translating devices leads to an effects produced by the two coils in which inductive transfer-coil, as in patents to E. such currents flow, may be such that the mag- Thomson, No. 360,125, dated March 29, 1887, netism shall be the sum of the efiects of the 5 and to E. W. Rice,J r., No. 400,486,datedApril current, or the compounding may be such 2, 1889. that at some times the efiect of one shall be My invention applies also to that system of subtracted from that of the other. distribution known as the three-wire sys- I shall hereinafter, for the sake of illustratern, in which a third wire passing between tion, only describe my invention as applied 3 two groups of translating devices leads to a to circuits containing electric incandescent point between separate dynamos supplying lamps. electric energy for the system. In the accompanying drawings, Figures 1 My invention is applicable alike to those and 2 are diagrams illustrating arrangements systems in which alternating electric currents embodying my invention as applied to two 35 are employed and to those in which continugroups of lamps fed with alternating curous currents are used. rents. Fig. 3 is a diagram illustratinga modi- I have hereinafter shown various arrangefication as applied to two groups, while Fig. ments of-apparatus whereby the invention 4 shows the extension of the primary to siX may be carried out in connection with transgroups.v Fig. 5 is a table illustrating the op- 4 lating devices operated by either kind of cureration of the system Fig. 4. Fig. 6 illus- 9o rent. trates an arrangement that maybe employed The invention consists, essentially, in dein cases where continuous currents are used termining the action of the meter, or operatin the translating devices. Fig. 7 illustrates ing it in accordance with the resultant maganother mechanism that may be used for 45 netic or electric effect produced by currents measuring current from two or more groups flowing in the intermediate wire between two of translating devices in accordance with my groups of translating devices and an outside invention. Fig. 8 illustrates a means that wire or wires of the group, as will be hereinmay be used for alternating electric currents. after more fully described. Referring to Fig. 1, M is an electric meter 50 In the case of alternating currents the reof any proper description for registering alternating currents, and S is the secondary of a transformer or induction-coil connected to such meter. The primary 1 of such transformer is in two sections 1 2.

E is an induction transfer-coil such as de scribed in the patents of E. Thomson and E. \Y. Rice, J r., before referred to. The groups of lamps I II have the lamps of each group in multiple with one another, while the two groups are in series between the two sides A B of the system. An intermediate wire w connects the transfer-coil with the connection between the two groups. Section 1 of the primary is in series with group I, and section 2 in series with group II. As will be seen, the current under ordinary conditions will pass from one side of the system, as A, first through the section 1 of the primary, then through the group of lamps I, then through the second group of lamps II, and thence through the section 2 of the primary to the other wire or conductor 13. The two sections are wound so that they will add their effects to one another in generating current in the secondary S. It is obvious that if the balance in the two groups I II is destroyed and current pass through the conductor w to equalize the flow in the group where a change is taking place, as described in the patents of Thomson and Rice before referred to, such current will be substracted from one of the sections of the primary and the total inductive eifect on the secondary will be correspondingly lessened.

I have shown the number of turns of the sections 1 and 2 as the same, because it is assumed that the conditions of potential between the two sides of each group are the same; but it is obvious that the wire 10 might be connected to a point to one or the other side of the center of the induction transfercoil, and that the number of turns of the coils would be then changed so that they would be proportional to the potential of the two groups.

H indicates a partial winding formed as a shunt-coil across the terminals of one of the groups to provide energy when the lamps are not in use, so that the inertia of the meter maybe overcome. As it is supposed that the condition of potential in each group is kept constant, or practically so, it is obvious that the shunt or partial winding II may be extended over both groupsthat is to say, from one side A to the other side B of the system, or from one terminal of the section 1 of the primar Y to the corresponding terminal of the other section 2.

The compound action of the primaries in setting up current for operating the meter under various conditions of the groups I II might be obtained by placing the two sections of the primary in circuit, as indicated in Fig. 2. Here, as before, each coil is in series with its corresponding group; but any difference in the number of lamps in one group or the other will be felt in the meter through the withdrawal from one section of the compound primary of a part of the current which ordinarily flows through the same.

In the modification indicated in Fig. one of the sections of the primary is placed in the intermediate wire or conductor w instead of in the series circuit with the group of lamps. In this instance the section 1 of the primary under normal conditions will generate the whole current which operates the meter, the section 2 being out of action. In this case if the current or energy normally consumed in each of the two groups I II be the same, section 1 will register for the whole, conductor 10 being without current. Section 2 is applied so as to subtract its effect from that of 1 if the number of lamps in group II, for instance, be diminished. If section 1 have two turns, section 2 would have one turn. While section 1 may register for the whole number of lamps in both groups, section 2 may, when group I isout of operation entirely, register for group II. If group II is out of operation entirely, the current which under normal conditions passed through such group now passes through the section 2 to the intermediate wire and opposes the action of section 1, so as to produce a compound or resultant inductive eifect in the secondary equivalent to one turn of primary.

The extension of the principle to six groups is shown in Fig. 4. Section 1 of the primary, in series with all the groups, like section 1 of Fig. 3, has six turns. Section 2, in series with five groups, but in the first intermediate wire, has five turns, and so on,the number of turns or ampere eifects of the sections diminishing according to the position of the section or the intermediate wire in which it is placed with relation to the series of groups until the last intermediate wire is reached, where the coilsection 6, that produces the induction for the last or a single group, when such group only is in operation, has a single turn. It is not necessary that the number of turns be exactly that mentioned, all that is requisite being that (when the potential of each group is the same as that of the others) the number of turns of successive sections should be in the ratio 6 5 4 3 2 1. If the potentials required be different at different groups, the ratio of turn would be correspondinglyvaried. Thus, for instance, in Fig. 3, which is a simple case, if the potential across group 11 be such that double the current is consumed normally therein overwhatis consumed in group I, the ratio of the turns of sections P P would be 3 .2, or, if three groups were used in the system, with a normal consumption in the groups, (proceeding in the order shown in Fig. 4,) of 1 2 4, and the number of ampere-turns of sections 1 2 3 would be in the ratio 6 5 3. If groups 1 and 2 were alone operating, current in section 3 would be compounded with that in 6, giving a resultant of 3, proportioned to the consumption in groups 1 and 2, which would be in such case 3.

ITO

The action of the arrangement shown in Fig. at under varying conditions will be readily understood from an inspection of the table, Fig. 5. The first column gives the designation of the group, and the second column shows graphically the number of ampreturns of the several sections of the primary in the series connection with each group when such group is the first of the series to take current. Succeeding columns indicate for each group the current flowing or the ampere or magnetic effects in the coils under different conditions as to number of lamps in use in each group.

The effect of each coil in cutting down or increasing the total effect isindicated by the signs and 1. For instance, referring to column 1, with six lamps in each group, six amperes (for the sake of simplicity) will flow through the six turns in coil 1, giving a magnetizing effect of thirty-six ampere -turns. As all the groups have six lamps each, no current will flow through the following coils; 2,

3, 4, 5, and 6, and the magnetizing effect of the ampere turns, which is thirty-six, will equal or correspond, therefore, to the number of lamps actually running. In column 2, there being no lamps in first group, no current is flowing through the first coil 1. Six amperes are flowing through coil 2,-which has five turns, and the magnetizing effect will be thirty. As there are no lamps in the third group, the current of six amperes has to return through coil 3, which has four turns. The current, in this case going in an opposite direction to that of coil 2, will be of a negative sign. I have, therefore, in coil 3 twenty-four ampereturns negative. Group IV, containing six lamps, again six amperes will flow through coil 4, containing three turns, which will give eighteen ampere-turns of positive sign. Six amperes returning again through coil 5, which has two turns, deductsfrom the whole twelve ampere-turns, and, finally, six amperes flowing through coil 6, which has only one turn, gives six ampere-turns positive. In summing up, the total number of effective ampereturns will be found equal to the number of lamps burning. Column 5 shows a case in which an irregular number of lamps are burning in different groups. One lamp and six turns in group I give six ampere -turns. There being three lamps in second group that is, two more than in group 1, in series with itcurrent for two lamps of such group flows through coil 2 in the same direction, giving ten ampere-turns. Group III, having but two lamps, one less than group II, current corresponding to one lamp flows from group III through coil 3 of four turns to give four ampere-turns. In group IV six lamps are in use, current for two of which comes in series from preceding group of 2, while the current for the remaining four passes through coil 4 in a direction to give twelve ampereturns positive. Section V having but five lamps in use, current corresponding to one of the six in preceding section passes in a direction through coil 5 to give 2, while section VI, having one less lamp than V, gives by coil 6 one turn negative. Total twenty-one corresponding to whole number of lamps in use. In Fig. 6 I have shown an organization that may be employed for carrying out my invention in connection with continuous or direct currents. S is a solenoid having the two windings a I) connected, as before described, and arranged to produce a compound magnetic field for the core 0 of such solenoid. The position of the core under the influence of such compound field-induction, when the solenoid is supplied with a simple retractor, will obviously be dependent upon the resultant effect of the two windings a, b. The position of the core may determine the rate of registry on a meter R by moving an inclined plate having an inclined face 0 which determines the amount of movement that can be produced upon the initial wheel of the register by an oscillating impulse-pawl made as a friction-pawl, or otherwise constructed, oscillations of such mechanism being produced by an electro-magnet M or other mechanism periodically actuated. In the case of a magnet M the local batteryL B, or a shunt taken from main supply circuit, and a circuitbreaker actuated by a train of wheels and placed in the circuit of the battery and magnet produce the desired action.

Fig. 7 illustrates another mechanism that may be employed in the same manner. Pendulum O carries the actuating device for the register, and its rate of vibration is determined by the resultant magnetic field produced by the two coils a b. The pendulum carries an armature moving in the magnetic field.

Fig. 8 shows another organization that may be used in the case of alternating electric currents. The two coils a b are herein connected to the intermediate wire of the translating devices and to the outside wire 0, as before explained, so that their effects will tend to oppose one another. The resultant magnetic field produced by such coils is employed as the field for an armature 0, adapted to rotate by the action of an alternating field, with a speed dependent upon the strength of such field. To produce rotation of such armature any of the expedients employed with alternating-current motors may be used-as, for instance, an auxiliary field applied to the armature and producing, in conjunction with the combined field of a 1), two alternating fields whose phases are displaced, as explained in the patent to Thomson and WVightman, No. 399,801, dated March 19, 1889. The armature of the motor may be geared directly to the meter-train, so that the movement of the meter will depend upon the speed of rotation of the armature.

What I claim as my invention is 1. The combination, with a series of groups of translating devices having intermediate wires or connections, as described, of a series of electric coils, the ampere-turns of which are in ratio depending upon the turns of the coils in the series of groups, and an electric meter operated by electric energy which is the resultant of the combined action of such coils, as and for the purpose described.

2. The combination of a series of groups of translating devices, an electric meter common to the same, and a series of magnet-coils carrying the controlling or energizing current which directly or indirectly governs the action of the meter, one of such coils being in the series circuit with all the groups of trans lating devices, while the remainder are disposed in intermediate wires or connections leading to the groups and are of decreasing eifect proportionately to their position in the series and to the normal consumption of the energy in the several groups, as and for the purpose described.

3. The combination, with a series of two or more groups of translating devices having an intermediate wire or conductor, as described, of an electric meter in a secondary electric circuit and two or more primaries common to such secondary circuit and connected severally with the groups of translating devices, as and for the purpose described.

4. The combination, with a series of groups of translating devices, of an electric meter in a secondary circuit and a series of primaries common to such secondary circuit, one of such series being in the series circuit with all the groups, while the remainder are disposed in intermediate wire or connections leading to the groups and are of decreasing effect proportionately to their position in the series and to the normal consumption of energy in the several groups, as and for the purpose described.

5. The herein-described method of obtaining a registryor measurement of electric current supplied to a series of groups of translating devices, consisting in compounding the .current flowing in a series connection with the groups and in an intermediate wire or connection, as described, and actuating or controlling the meter by the resultant eflect, as and for the purpose set forth.

(3. The herein-described method of obtaining a registry or measurement of electric current supplied to a series of groups of translating devices having an intermediate Wire or wires, as described, under variations of load in such groups, consisting in opposing the action of the current in a series connection with two or more groups by the action of current in an intermediate wire or wires of such groups.

Signed at Lynn, in the county of Essex and State of l\lassachusetts, this 14th day of September, A. T). 1889.

IIERMANN LEMP. Witnesses:

II. J. WIGHTMAN, JOHN TREGONING. 

